What is dental amalgam?Picture of a

What is dental amalgam?

Picture of a dental amagam embedded in a toothDental amalgam is a dental filling material used to fill cavities caused by tooth decay. It has been used for more than 150 years in hundreds of millions of patients around the world.

Dental amalgam is a mixture of metals, consisting of liquid (elemental) mercury and a powdered alloy composed of silver, tin, and copper. Approximately 50% of dental amalgam is elemental mercury by weight. The chemical properties of elemental mercury allow it to react with and bind together the silver/copper/tin alloy particles to form an amalgam.

Dental amalgam fillings are also known as “silver fillings” because of their silver-like appearance. Despite the name, "silver fillings" do contain elemental mercury.

Image of a capsule containing liquid mercury and amalgam putty.When placing dental amalgam, the dentist first drills the tooth to remove the decay and then shapes the tooth cavity for placement of the amalgam filling. Next, under appropriate safety conditions, the dentist mixes the powdered alloy with the liquid mercury to form an amalgam putty. (These components are provided to the dentist in a capsule as shown in the graphic.) This softened amalgam putty is placed and shaped in the prepared cavity, where it rapidly hardens into a solid filling.

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What should I know before getting a dental amalgam filling?

Deciding what filling material to use to treat dental decay is a choice that must be made by you and your dentist.

FDA continues to evaluate the available information on dental amalgam, and will update the information on this web page as necessary. As you consider your options, you should keep in mind the following information.
Benefits:

Dental amalgam fillings are strong and long-lasting, so they are less likely to break than some other types of fillings.

Dental amalgam is the least expensive type of filling material.
Potential Risks:

Dental amalgam contains elemental mercury. It releases low levels of mercury in the form of a vapor that can be inhaled and absorbed by the lungs. High levels of mercury vapor exposure are associated with adverse effects in the brain and the kidneys.

FDA has reviewed the best available scientific evidence to determine whether the low levels of mercury vapor associated with dental amalgam fillings are a cause for concern. Based on this evidence, FDA considers dental amalgam fillings safe for adults and children ages 6 and above. The weight of credible scientific evidence reviewed by FDA does not establish an association between dental amalgam use and adverse health effects in the general population. Clinical studies in adults and children ages 6 and above have found no link between dental amalgam fillings and health problems.

The developing neurological systems in fetuses and young children may be more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of mercury vapor. Very limited to no clinical data is available regarding long-term health outcomes in pregnant women and their developing fetuses, and children under the age of six, including infants who are breastfed. Pregnant women and parents with children under six who are concerned about the absence of clinical data as to long-term health outcomes should talk to their dentist.

However, the estimated amount of mercury in breast milk attributable to dental amalgam is low and falls well below general levels for oral intake that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers safe. Despite the limited clinical information, FDA concludes that the existing risk information supports a finding that infants are not at risk for adverse health effects from the mercury in breast milk of women exposed to mercury vapor from dental amalgam. Some individuals have an allergy or sensitivity to mercury or the other components of dental amalgam (such as silver, copper, or tin). Dental amalgam might cause these individuals to develop oral lesions or other contact reactions. If you are allergic to any of the metals in dental amalgam, you should not get amalgam fillings. You can discuss other treatment options with your dentist.

For more information on FDA's scientific review and findings, see the new "Information for Use" statement required in dental amalgam labeling, and other documents in the Related Resources section.

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Why is mercury used in dental amalgam?

Approximately half of a dental amalgam filling is liquid mercury and the other half is a powdered alloy of silver, tin, and copper. Mercury is used to bind the alloy particles together into a strong, durable, and solid filling. Mercury’s unique properties (it is a liquid at room temperature and that bonds well with the alloy powder) make it an important component of dental amalgam that contributes to its durability.

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What is bioaccumulation?

Bioaccumulation refers to the build-up or steadily increasing concentration of a chemical in organs or tissues in the body. Mercury from dental amalgam and other sources (e.g., fish) is bioaccumulative. Studies of healthy subjects with amalgam fillings have shown that mercury from exposure to mercury vapor bioaccumulates in certain tissues of the body including kidneys and brain. Studies have not shown that bioaccumulation of mercury from dental amalgam results in damage to target organs. For more information about bioaccumulation, please see Related Resources.

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Is the mercury in dental amalgam the same as the mercury in some types of fish?

No. There are several different chemical forms of mercury: elemental mercury, inorganic mercury, and methylmercury. The form of mercury associated with dental amalgam is elemental mercury, which releases mercury vapor. The form of mercury found in fish is methylmercury, a type of organic mercury. Mercury vapor is mainly absorbed by the lungs. Methylmercury is mainly absorbed through the digestive tract. The body processes these forms of mercury differently and has different levels of tolerance for mercury vapor and methylmercury.

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If I am concerned about the mercury in dental amalgam, should I have my fillings removed?

If your fillings are in good condition and there is no decay beneath the filling, FDA does not recommend that you have your amalgam fillings removed or replaced. Removing sound amalgam fillings results in unnecessary loss of healthy tooth structure, and exposes you to additional mercury vapor released during the removal process.

However, if you believe you have an allergy or sensitivity to mercury or any of the other metals in dental amalgam (such as silver, tin, or copper), you should discuss treatment options with your dentist.

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結果 (繁體中文) 1:

牙科汞齊是什麼?圖片嵌入 toothDental 銀汞合金在牙科 amagam 是用來填補空洞造成的牙齒腐爛。 用於 150 多年中數以億計的世界各地患者牙科充填材料。牙科汞齊是金屬的混合物，由液體 (汞) 和組成的銀，錫和銅的合金粉末組成的大約 50%的牙科汞齊是單質汞的重量。 單質汞的化學特性允許它與反應並綁定在一起的銀，銅，錫合金顆粒形成汞齊。牙科汞也被稱為是"含銀填充物"因為他們的銀樣外觀。 儘管名稱，"銀餡料"含有單質汞。圖像的膠囊含液態汞和汞合金 putty.When 首先放置牙科汞齊，牙醫鑽牙齒去除衰變，然後形狀齒腔置管銀汞合金充填。 下一步，在適當的安全條件下，牙醫混合合金粉末與液體汞對表單的銀汞合金膩子。 (這些元件所示提供給牙醫膠囊中) 這軟化的銀汞合金膩子是放置和塑造在準備腔內，就迅速變硬成固體充填。 圖形。返回頂部箭頭牙科銀汞合金充填之前，我應該知道什麼?決定什麼充填材料，用來治療齲齒一個必須由你和你的牙醫的選擇。FDA 繼續評估關於牙科汞齊的資料和您考慮您的選項就會更新此 web 頁上作為必要的資訊，你應該牢記以下資訊。好處:牙科汞是強大和持久，所以他們不太可能打破比一些其他類型的餡料。牙科汞齊是最便宜的充填材料類型。潛在風險:牙科汞齊包含元素汞。 它釋放低濃度汞蒸氣，可吸入和吸收的形式由肺高汞蒸氣暴露水準是在腦部和腎臟的不良影響與關聯。FDA 審查了現有最佳科學證據以確定是否伴牙科汞汞蒸氣的低水準，有理由關注。 根據這一證據，FDA 認為牙科汞安全，成人和兒童 6 歲及以上.可靠的科學證據，由 FDA 審查的重量並不能確定牙科汞齊使用和一般人口.臨床研究在成人和兒童的不利健康影響之間的關聯和年齡 6 以上發現牙科汞和健康問題之間沒有聯繫。The developing neurological systems in fetuses and young children may be more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of mercury vapor. Very limited to no clinical data is available regarding long-term health outcomes in pregnant women and their developing fetuses, and children under the age of six, including infants who are breastfed. Pregnant women and parents with children under six who are concerned about the absence of clinical data as to long-term health outcomes should talk to their dentist.However, the estimated amount of mercury in breast milk attributable to dental amalgam is low and falls well below general levels for oral intake that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers safe. Despite the limited clinical information, FDA concludes that the existing risk information supports a finding that infants are not at risk for adverse health effects from the mercury in breast milk of women exposed to mercury vapor from dental amalgam. Some individuals have an allergy or sensitivity to mercury or the other components of dental amalgam (such as silver, copper, or tin). Dental amalgam might cause these individuals to develop oral lesions or other contact reactions. If you are allergic to any of the metals in dental amalgam, you should not get amalgam fillings. You can discuss other treatment options with your dentist.For more information on FDA's scientific review and findings, see the new "Information for Use" statement required in dental amalgam labeling, and other documents in the Related Resources section.返回頂部箭頭為什麼是汞用於牙科汞齊?大約一半的牙科銀汞合金充填是液態汞，另一半是合金粉末的銀，錫和銅汞用於合金顆粒結合成強，經久耐用，和固體充填.汞的獨特屬性 (它是在室溫和那債券與合金粉末液體) 使它有助於其耐久性的牙科汞齊的重要組成部分。返回頂部箭頭生物蓄積性是什麼?生物蓄積性指集結或濃度的一種化學物質在器官或組織中穩步增加是生物蓄積性。 研究健康受試者與銀汞合金補牙表明，汞暴露于汞蒸氣食物鏈在特定組織中包括腎臟和大腦的身體的研究不表明那累積的汞從牙科汞齊結果損害到目標器官。 生物蓄積，有關詳細資訊，請參閱相關的資源。 身體。 汞牙科汞齊和其他來源 (如，魚)返回頂部箭頭是汞在牙科汞齊中某些類型的水銀一樣嗎?號有幾個不同的化學形式的汞: 單質汞、 無機汞和是甲基汞，類型的有機汞汞蒸氣主要吸收由肺部。 甲基汞主要是通過消化吸收身體以不同的方式處理這些形式的汞又有不同程度的容忍汞和甲基汞。 甲基汞。 牙科汞齊與相關聯的汞的形式是單質汞，釋放汞蒸氣.汞的形式發現在魚返回頂部箭頭如果我擔心汞在牙科汞齊，我應該刪除我補牙嗎?如果你的填充物是狀況良好且沒有衰減下充填，FDA 不建議您已刪除或替換你銀汞合金補牙。 刪除聲音銀汞合金補牙不必要的損失，健康的牙齒結構的結果和你暴露在額外汞蒸氣在去除過程中釋放。然而，如果你相信你有過敏或對汞或任何其他金屬的敏感性在牙科汞齊 (如銀、 錫或銅)，你應該與你的牙醫討論治療方案。返回頂部箭頭

結果 (繁體中文) 2:

什麼是牙科用汞合金？照片一Amagam牙科用汞合金材料的嵌在ToothDental材料用於填充補牙引起蛀牙蛀牙。它已被用於超過150年的數億患者環遊世界的。牙科用汞合金材料是金屬的混合物，包括液體（元素）汞和粉末狀銀合金，錫和銅組成的。大約50％的牙科用汞合金是汞元素重量。該元素汞的化學性質允許它發生反應，與銀/銅/錫綁定在一起合金顆粒形成汞齊。牙科用汞合金填充物也被稱為“銀填充物”，因為他們的銀一樣的外觀。儘管名稱，“銀餡料”的確含有汞元素，水星膠囊和液體含有汞牙科用汞合金材料放置Putty.When的形象，第一次牙醫鑽刪除蛀牙，然後腔牙齒的位置形狀汞合金。灌裝。接著，在適當的安全條件下，牙醫混合與液體汞形成汞齊油灰粉末合金。（這些組件被提供給牙醫在膠囊如圖中圖形）。此軟化的汞合金膩子被放置和形狀在所製備的空腔中，在那裡它迅速硬化成固體填充物。回到頂部箭頭什麼應該獲取之前，我知道。一個牙科用汞合金填充？決定填充材料有什麼用治療齲齒是必須由你和你的牙醫來做出選擇。FDA將繼續評估對牙科用汞合金的可用信息，並將根據需要更新本網頁上的信息。 。當你考慮你的選擇，你應該記住以下信息。優點：牙科用汞合金填充物是強大的，持久的，所以他們不太可能打破比其他類型的餡料。牙科用汞合金填充物的最便宜的類型。材料。潛在風險：牙科用汞合金含有汞元素。它釋放汞的水平低，可吸入並通過肺部吸收蒸氣的形式。高濃度的汞蒸氣暴露與腦和腎臟不利影響有關。FDA已經審查的最佳科學證據，以確定是否汞蒸氣牙科用汞合金填充物的低水平與引起人們的關注有關。根據這一證據，FDA認為銀汞合金填充物的安全為成人和兒童6歲及以上。通過FDA審查可靠的科學證據，重量不建立牙科用汞合金，並在總人口中的不利健康影響之間的關聯。成人研究和臨床兒童6歲及以上的牙科用汞合金填充物已經找到健康和問題之間沒有聯繫。在發育中的胎兒和幼兒的神經系統可能對更多的汞蒸氣的神經毒性作用敏感。非常有限沒有臨床數據可在有關孕婦和發育中的胎兒，兒童和長期健康後果六歲以下，包括誰是母乳喂養的嬰兒。孕婦和家長有6歲以下的兒童們所關心的是，沒有臨床數據作為長期健康結果應該跟自己的牙醫。然而，汞的歸屬於牙科用汞合金母乳的估計量低，遠遠低於。一般的水平進氣口，環境保護署（EPA）認為安全的。儘管有限的臨床資料，FDA的結論是，現有的風險信息支持這一發現嬰兒沒有風險來自於牙科用汞合金暴露在汞蒸氣的婦女母乳中的汞健康造成不良影響。一些個體具有過敏或敏感的汞或銀汞合金的其它組分（如銀，銅或錫）。牙科用汞合金可能會導致這些個人開發口腔病變或其他接觸反應。如果你是過敏的任何牙科用汞合金金屬的，你不應該得到汞合金填充物。你可以討論與您的牙醫其他的治療方案。有關FDA的科學審查和調查結果的更多信息，請參閱最新信息“使用說明”中的相關資源部分牙科用汞合金標籤要求的聲明，以及其他文件。返回頁首箭頭為什麼。水星用於牙科用汞合金？大約半牙科用汞合金填充物為液體汞，另一半是銀，錫和銅的合金粉末。水星是用於合金顆粒結合在一起成為一個強大的，持久的，和固體充填。水星的獨特性能（這是一個常溫液體和良好的合金粉末債券）使它牙科用汞合金材料的重要組成部分，有助於其耐久性。返回頁首箭頭什麼是生物蓄積性？生物蓄積性是指積聚或。穩定地增加在體內器官或組織的化學的濃度。牙科用汞合金和其他來源（如魚）水銀是生物蓄積性。已經用汞合金填充健康受試者的研究表明，汞從接觸到水銀蒸氣生物累積在體內，包括腎臟和腦的某些組織。研究未顯示汞生物蓄積性的牙科用汞合金導致損壞靶器官。更多信息，關於生物蓄積性，請參見相關資源。返回頁首箭頭是一樣的水星銀汞合金某些類型的水星在魚？號 有汞的幾種不同的化學形式：元素汞，無機汞和甲基汞。與牙科用汞合金相關汞的形態是元素汞，釋放汞蒸氣。汞在魚中發現的形式是甲基汞，一種有機汞。汞蒸氣是由肺部吸收，主要。甲基汞通過消化道主要吸收。該機構處理這些形式的汞不同，並有不同程度的耐受性汞蒸氣和甲基汞。返回頁首箭頭如果我在牙科用汞合金關心的水星，我應該有我的填充物去掉？如果你的餡料處於良好狀態和。有填充下無腐爛，FDA不建議你有你的汞合金填充物取出或更換。除去聲音汞合金填充物導致健康牙體組織不必要的損失，並公開你的汞蒸氣去除過程中釋放。但是，如果你相信你有過敏或牙科用汞合金水星或任何其它金屬靈敏度（例如。如銀，錫或銅），你應該討論與你的牙醫的治療方案。返回頁首箭頭。

結果 (繁體中文) 3:

什麼是牙科 汞?

圖片 的一個牙科amagam嵌入式的一個toothdental汞是一個牙科填料用來填補所造成的蛀牙蛀牙............,一直被使用超過150年,數以百計的世界各地數以百萬計的 病人.

牙科 汞是一個混合的金屬,包括液體(基本)汞和一個約20-50粉組成的銀、田和銅。